Oral contraceptives are medications taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy, commonly known as birth control pills. They typically contain synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progestin, which work by suppressing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to block sperm, and thinning the uterine lining to prevent implantation. Besides contraception, they can regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, manage hormonal acne, and treat conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. Proper medical guidance ensures safe and effective use.
Injectable birth control is a hormonal contraceptive method administered via injection, typically every 1 to 3 months, depending on the formulation. It usually contains progestin, which prevents ovulation, thickens cervical mucus to block sperm, and thins the uterine lining to reduce the chance of pregnancy. Injectable contraceptives offer a convenient, long-acting, and reversible option for women who prefer not to take daily pills. It may also help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce menstrual bleeding but requires periodic healthcare visits for administration and monitoring.
Intrauterine devices (IUDs), such as Copper T, are small, T-shaped contraceptive devices inserted into the uterus to provide long-term, reversible birth control. The Copper T releases copper ions, which create an environment toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization. It is hormone-free, highly effective, and can last from 5 to 10 years depending on the type. Copper IUDs are suitable for many women, including those who prefer non-hormonal methods, and they may also be used as emergency contraception if inserted within five days after unprotected intercourse. Regular follow-up ensures proper placement and monitoring.
Permanent sterilization is a surgical procedure designed to provide lifelong contraception by permanently preventing pregnancy. In women, this is commonly achieved through tubal ligation, where the fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or blocked to stop the eggs from reaching the uterus. In men, vasectomy involves cutting or sealing the vas deferens to prevent sperm from mixing with semen. These procedures are highly effective, intended to be irreversible, and suitable for individuals who do not wish to have children in the future. Counseling is essential before undergoing permanent sterilization to ensure informed decision-making.
